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ABSTRACT: Condoms offer protection against unwanted pregnancy and some sexually transmitted infections including HIV. Interventions to promote condom use are essential in efforts to slow the spread of HIV .The burden of HIV/AIDS is high in Sub-Saharan countries which constitutes two third of the globe and is worst in Ethiopia. As a strategy for prevention, condom use practice among others remains the most effective method against HIV infection. So knowing knowledge, attitude, practice and determinants of consistent condom use in HIV patients who were on ART had paramount importance in the prevention and control of the disease. The main aim of this study is to find out the level of awareness, and determinants of condom use among People Living with HIV/AIDS attending Gondar University Hospital, ART clinic. Hospital based comparative cross sectional study were conducted at Gondar university referral hospital, northwest Ethiopia. Random sampling technique was used and single population formula was applied to select 317 study participants from the ART clinic of the Hospital. A structured interview guide questionnaire first prepared in English then translated into Amharic was used to collect data. Three of the investigators were work as data collectors. A total of 317respondents from ART experienced groups were included in the study. Female constitute 159(50.2%) and the age of the respondents ranges from 18-65 and above. About 77% of the study participants are knowledgeable and consistent condom use was reported by 78.9%. Also 35.3% of the respondents have positive attitude towards condom. This study found that PLWHA generally have a high level of condom use and knowledge on importance of condom in the prevention of unwanted pregnancies and HIV/AIDS transmission. However, more than half have negative attitude towards condom.
KeyWords: PLWHA, Gondar University Hospital, ART clinic, UOG.
How to cite: Belayneh Kefale Gelaw et. al. Knowledge, Attitude, Practice and determinants of condom use among people living with HIV/AIDS in Gondar University Hospital, North West Ethiopia. Int J Pharma Sci. 4(1) 2014: 408-416
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408-416
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417-423
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ABSTRACT: The present study was to evaluate anti-cancer effects of Purslane seed oil (PSO) (200g/kg. diet), 5-Flourourasil (20mg/kg b.w. i.p) and their combinatorial formulation in female mice induced by Ehrlich ascites cells for 21 consecutive days prior. Ten days after intraperitoneal inoculation of tumor EAC cells in mice, PSO was supplemented at (200g/kg. diet) daily for 21 consecutive days. On the 22th day, the mice were sacrificed for the estimation of tumor growth (tumor volume), and biochemical parameters (glucose, insulin, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lipid peroxides (TBARS), protein thiols (Pr-SHs), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL-C, LDL-C, 17β-estradiol and progesterone). The results of this study also showed that administration of Purslane seed oil (PSO), 5-Flourourasil both individually and in combination for 21 days to the carcinoma induced mice demonstrated a significant (P<0.01) decrease in tumor volume and a significant (P<0.01) improvement in biochemical parameters and life span as compared to the EAC control mice than either agent alone. On the other hand, the results clearly suggest that the combination of PSO and 5-Flourourasil produced higher antioxidant activities on experimental EAC control as well as 5-Flourourasil mice than their individual influences. .
KeyWords: Purslane seed oil (PSO), 5-Flourourasil, breast cancer, Ehrlich ascites cells and antioxidants.
How to cite: Hussein A. Ali et. al. Comparative Effects of Purslane seed oil (PSO) and 5-Flourourasil on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in female albino mice. Int J Pharma Sci. 4(1) 2014: 424-430
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424-430
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ABSTRACT: The paper presents the results of an ethno botanical survey of plants used in the treatment of ulcer in Ondo, Ekiti and Osun states, South Western, Nigeria. Sixteen markets and thirty traditional medical practioners were visited. Eleven plants belonging to nine different families were collected. The plants' families represented in the collection include, Musaceae, Lauraceae, Compositae, Caricaceae, Liliaceae, Crassulaceae, Moraceae, Portulacaceae and Urticaceae. Most of the herbs were prescribed along with other recipes notably honey and water. A mode of administration of the phytomedicines was decoctions. .
KeyWords: Ulcer, ethno botanical survey, phytomedicines, Southwestern Nigeria.
How to cite: Akinlami Omokehide et. al. Ethno botanical Survey of Anti-Ulcer Plants in South Western Nigeria. Int J Pharma Sci. 4(1) 2014: 431-433
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431-433
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ABSTRACT: The wound healing activity of topically applied methanol extract of Lycopus europaeus was evaluated in wistar rat by excision wound model for a period of 12 days. The extract was prepared as ointment form (5 and 10% w/w) and applied on Wistar rats. Neomycin ointment 0.5%w/w was used as standard drug. The healing of the wound was assessed by the rate of wound contraction, period of epithelialisation, skin breaking strength. Both the ointments (5% and 10% w/w) of Lycopus europaeus extract promoted the wound-healing activity significantly when compared to the standard drug. High rate of wound contraction, decrease the period for epithelialisation, high skin breaking strength were observed in animals treated with 10% w/w extract ointment when compared to the control group of animals. So methanol extract of Lycopus europaeus in the form of 10% ointment promote wound-healing activity better than the former concentration, 5%. The result obtained from this study indicates that methanol extract of Lycopus europaeus accelerates the wound healing process by decreasing the surface area of the wound. The efficacy of this plant in wound healing may be due to its epithelization, thereby justifying the traditional claim.
KeyWords: Excision wound model, Epithelialisation, Neomycin ointment, Lycopus europaeus, topically applied, Wound healing.
How to cite: Abdul Aziz et. al. Role of Lycopus europaeus Methanolic Extract in the Enhancement of Wound Healing Activity in Experimental Rats. Int J Pharma Sci. 4(1) 2014: 434-437
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434-437
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ABSTRACT: A method based on RP-HPLC with indirect UV detection was developed for the determination of phosphates and phosphites as impurities in Risedronate sodium. RP separation of the phosphates and phosphites was achieved by adding Tetra butyl ammonium hydroxide as an ion-pairing agent in the mobile phase. Potassium hydrogen phthalate was added to the mobile phase as an ionic chromophore in order to obtain high background absorption of the mobile phase. Separation was performed on a C18 column using a mixture of pH 8.2 buffer, acetonitrile and methanol as the mobile phase along with indirect UV detection at 262 nm. The retention time was found to be Rt = 2.292. The validation of this method included determination of its specificity, accuracy, precision, linearity, LOD, LOQ, and robustness. The LOD was 0.86 g/mL for phosphates and 0.76 g/mL for phosphites. The LOQ was 2.60 g/mL for phosphates and 2.29 g/mL for phosphites. The developed method is suitable for quantitative determination of phosphates and phosphites as impurities in QC of Risedronate sodium.
KeyWords: Risedronate, Phosphites, Ionic Chromophore, LOD and LOQ.
How to cite: Pragati Ranjan Satpathy et. al. Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for the Assay of Risedronate Sodium. Int J Pharma Sci. 4(1) 2014: 438-441
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438-441
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ABSTRACT: A simple, accurate and sensitive liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of Ibandronic Acid (IBN) in tablet dosage form. The separation was achieved on Inertsil ODS (250 mm X 4.6 mm) C18, 5μm column. The mobile phase consists of Buffer: ACN (50:50 v/v); Flow rate 0.8ml min−1 at ambient temperature. The analytes were monitored by UV detector. The method was validated for specificity, precision, linearity, and accuracy. The average recoveries for Ibandronic Acid were in the range of 99.0–102.0% and the method can be successfully applied for the routine analysis of the drug substance.
KeyWords: Reverse Phase HPLC, Ibandronic Acid, UV Detector, Validation.
How to cite: Shanthi Chalasani et. al. Analytical Method Development and Validation of Ibandronic Acid in API and Its Tablet Dosage Form by LC. Int J Pharma Sci. 4(1) 2014: 442-446
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442-446
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ABSTRACT: The present study enlightens to enhance the dissolution profile, absorption efficiency and bioavailability of water insoluble drug like Nimodipine. It is a poorly soluble, highly permeable drug and the rate of its oral absorption is often controlled by the dissolution rate in the gastrointestinal tract. There are several techniques to enhance the dissolution of poorly soluble drugs, in which the “liqui-solid compacts” is a promising technique. Different formulations were prepared by using polyethylene glycol-400, propylene glycol as a non-volatile liquid vehicles, with drug and vehicle ratios of 1:1 to 1:5, microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH 102), was used as carrier materials and nm-sized silica gel (Aerosil-200) was used as coating materials. The empirical method introduced by Spireas and Bolton was applied to calculate the amounts of coating and carrier materials required to prepare Nimodipine liquisolid tablets. Based upon this method, improved flow characteristics and hardness of the formulation has been achieved by carrier and coating material ratio 1:10. They were characterized for different physical parameters to comply with pharmacopoeial limits. In vitro dissolution profiles of the liquisolid formulations were studied in pH 4.5 acetate buffer. It was found that liquisolid tablets formulated with polyethylene glycol produced high dissolution profile and they showed significant higher drug release rates than propylene glycol due to increased retention potential for polyethylene glycol compared to propylene glycol. FTIR spectral studies showed that there is no interaction between the drug and excipients. In conclusion, development of Nimodipine liquisolid tablets is a good approach to enhance the dissolution rate to improve bioavailability.
KeyWords: Liquisolid Compacts; Nimodipine; Avicel PH 102; Aerosil 200.
How to cite: Srinivas Domalapally et. al. Enhancement of Dissolution Profile of poorly water soluble Drug (Nimodipine) by using Liquisolid Compact Technique. Int J Pharma Sci. 4(1) 2014: 447-456
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447-456
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