|
|
 1. |
ABSTRACT: The present study was conducted to evaluate the cytotoxic impact of propolis 50mg/kg b.w. against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) Cells bearing mice. About 100 mature mice divided into five groups, 20 mice in each. 1st and 2nd groups were negative and positive control groups, respectively. 3rd group of mice treated with propolis 50mg/kg.b.w. 4th group was infected with EAC then treated with propolis 50mg/kg.b.w. at moment. 5th group treated with propolis 50mg/kg.b.w. after 2 days of implantation with EAC for 14 days. Oral administration of propolis at a concentration of 50mg/kg b.w daily for 14 days showed a significant decrease in volume of ascites fluids, total of EAC cells, percentage of life cells, lymphocytes transformation rate (LTR), phagocytic activity and killing percentage tests as well as serum creatinine, alanine and aspartate amino transferases (ALT and AST) and liver malonodialdehyde (MDA) levels. The treatment also resulted in a significant increase in percentage of dead cells, RBCs, Hemoglobin (Hb%) and packed cell volume (PCV) as well as liver reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels of EAC infected rats. The results clearly suggest that the propolis treated group may effectively normalize the impaired antioxidant status in EAC-treated groups. The propolis exerted rapid protective effects against lipid peroxidation by scavenging of free radicals by reducing the risk of EAC induced cancer. The effect was more pronounced in 4th group compared to 5th one.
KeyWords: Propolis, tumor cells, antioxidant, GSH, MDA and SOD.
How to cite: Magdy F. Abou El Fatoh et. al. Anticarcinogenic and Antioxidant Effects of Propolis Aqueous extract against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) Cells bearing Mice. Int J Pharma Sci. 4(4) 2014: 606-610
|
606-610
 |
|
| 2. |
ABSTRACT: The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of a nanoemulsion formulation for transdermal delivery of indomethacin. Nanoemulsions were prepared by the spontaneous emulsification method. The nanoemulsion area was identified by constructing Pseudoternary phase diagrams. The prepared nanoemulsions were subjected to different thermodynamic stability tests. The nanoemulsion formulations that passed thermodynamic stability tests were characterized for droplet size, transmission electron microscopy, and in vitro drug release. The best formulations were incorporated in MC and HPMC gel bases for studying the release behavior in comparing with conventional indomethacin gel. Transdermal permeation of indomethacin through human abdominal skin was performed. The in vitro skin permeation profile of optimized formulations was compared with that of indomethacin market product (Indotopic® gel). A significant increase in permeability was observed in optimized nanoemulsion formulation NE4 which contained lemon oil (30% wt/wt), Tween 20 (40% wt/wt) and distilled water (30% wt/wt). The analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of formulation NE4 showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in reaction time and percent edema inhibition value after 3 hours when compared with Indotopic® gel in rats respectively. These results suggested that nanoemulsions are potential vehicles for improved transdermal delivery of indomethacin.
KeyWords: Transdermal efficacy; Indomethacin; Nanoemulsion.
How to cite: Abdelaziz E. Abdelaziz et al. Development and transdermal efficacy assessment of indomethacin nanoemulsion formulation. Int J Pharma Sci. 4(4) 2014: 611-621
|
611-621
|
|
| 3. |
Phytosomes- A Review
Nagasamy Venkatesh Dhandapani*, Sumanraj K.S, Sai Charitha CH and Karri Tulasi
Int J Pharma Sci. 2014, 4(4): 622-625
ABSTRACT: Over the past two decades, considerable efforts have been made on the development of novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) for plant active and extracts. Phytoconstituents, despite having excellent bioactivity invitro, exhibit less or no action invivo, owing to their poor lipid solubility, high polarity and improper molecular size which cannot be absorbed by passive diffusion. Lipid solubility and molecular size are the major limiting factors for a phytoconstituents to cross the biological membranes and to enter systemic circulation following oral or topical administration. Some of the phytoconstituents are being destroyed in gastric environment or oral administration. The term ‘phyto’ or ‘plantero’ refers to plant while ‘some’ means cell like, often also known as Herbosomes. Phytosomes is a novel approach to deliver phytoconstituents that overcomes the limitation of traditional drug delivery systems. A covalent complex of phytoconstituents with phosphatidylcholine (a principle phospholipid of biological membrane) makes them significantly stable and bioavailable. Phytosomes technology has been effectively used to enhance the better pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics profile of popular extracts including milk thistle, Ginkgo biloba, grape seed, green tea, hawthorn and ginseng etc. The present review highlights the method of preparation, therapeutic application and phytosome as carriers for phytoconstituents.
KeyWords: Phytosomes, drug delivery, phytoconstituents, therapeutic application.
How to cite: Nagasamy Venkatesh et. al. Phytosomes- A Review. Int J Pharma Sci. 4(4) 2014: 622-625
|
622-625
|
|
| 4. |
ABSTRACT: Distinctions in biochemical components, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and ascorbate oxidase (AO) and the phytochemicals like phenols, flavonoids, tannins and alkaloids were estimated along with protein profile, compared with SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) in between the seeds of Artocarpus heterophyllus, Artocarpus integrifolia, Artocarpus hircitus, Artocarpus incisus, and Artocarpus integer, one of the most ancient fruits indigenous to Western Ghats of India. The substantial levels of proteins, total soluble sugars and free amino acids were identified. Noteworthy enzymatic activities and phytochemical constituents were detected. In addition to that similar type of protein profile is observed in all five types of Jack fruit seed extracts. Results specify that the Jack fruit seeds are indeed of high nutritional value and antioxidant agent that are valuable in the treatment of a number of diseases and disorders.
KeyWords: Jackfruit seeds, antioxidants, phytochemicals and SDS-PAGE.
How to cite: N. Sirisha et al. Evaluation of antioxidant activities, phytochemical constituents and protein profiling of five varieties of Jackfruit (Artocarpus species) seeds. Int J Pharma Sci. 4(4) 2014: 626-631
|
626-631
|
|
| 5. |
ABSTRACT: Several clinical observations indicated that possible incidence of undesirable adverse reactions following fluoroquinolone use, as headache, confusion, hallucination anxiety, nervousness, nightmares and convulsive seizures. Sixty mature male albino rats, divided into equal six groups, 1st , one negative control, 2nd , hypoglycemic positive control, 3rd group, diabetic positive control, 4th group Ciprofloxacin treated with hypoglycemia, 5th group, ciprofloxacin treated with diabetes and 6th group, ciprofloxacin treated only for one week. All groups were sacrificed after one week of treatment and collected, brain, kidney and heart tissues for determination of glucose transporter (Glut1, 2, 3, 4 and 5), brain as a source of Glut 1 and 3, heart as a source of Glut 4 and kidneys as a source of Glut 1 and 3. Ciprofloxacin treatment in hypoglycemic and diabetic groups (4 and 5) serum glucose level was significantly increased post treatment whereas, fructose level was significantly decreases. For glucose and fructose transporters, there is a significant decrease in Glut1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 with Ciprofloxacin (group 4, 5 and 6) compared with control group. Glut 2, 3 and 4 showed a significant increase levels compared with control and diabetic groups. Glut 5 revealed concentration compared with control and hypoglycemic groups.
KeyWords: Ciprofloxacin, glucose transporter (Glut-1,2,3 and 4), fructose transporter (Glut-5), hypoglycemia – diabetes.
How to cite: Noorah S Al-Sowayan. Physiological and Pharmacological Investigation of the Effects of Ciprofloxacin on Glucose Transporters (Glut 1, 2, 3, 4) and Fructose transporter (Glut- 5) Activities. Int J Pharma Sci. 4(4) 2014: 632-638
|
632-638
|
|
| 6. |
ABSTRACT: Benzo[a]pyrene induced lung cancer by mechanism which interact with DNA and cause genetic changes; this mechanism accelerates the cell cycle progression and induces the abnormal cell proliferation. Selenium, N Acetyl cysteine and curcumin in nanocomposite form have been shown to confer various biological effects, anticancer, enhance immune system and antioxidant properties. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the chemopreventive effect of nano (selenium ,acetyl cysteine, curcumin) (NSACC) and possess ability of SNACC with dose 4mg/kg.b.w against Benzo[a]pyrene carcinogenesis with dose 200mg\kg.bw at two doses the first at the 1st week of the experiment, the second after 20 week ,from the start time of the experiment. The results indicated that B[a]p induced lung cancer in mice which cause significant decrease of SOD, GSH,CAT values and significant increase of NOx, LP values in lung tissue and significant increase in ALT, AST, GGT, CEA, urea, creatinine in plasma . While treating with (NSACC) causes significant increase of SOD, GSH, GPx activities and significant decrease of CAT, lipid peroxidation and Nox in lung tissue and normalizes ALT and causes significant decrease in AST,GGT and reaches to normalize the activity of CEA,urea,creatinine in plasma. From the obtained results, it could be concluded that inhibition of peroxidation and oxidative stress markers, enhanced antioxidant status, by NSACC suggest the potential efficacy of NSACC as an addition chemopreventive agent in treatment of lung carcinogenesis.
KeyWords: nanocomposite (selemium, n-acetyl cysteine, curcumin), Nitric Oxide, super oxidase dismutase, Lipid peroxidation, Catalase.
How to cite: Omayma A.R. Abou Zaid et al. Chemopreventive effect of novel nanocomposite on oxidants and antioxidant status, some liver and kidney functions and Carcinoembryonic antigen against Benzo[a]pyrene induced lung carcinogenesis in mice. Int J Pharma Sci. 4(4) 2014: 639-644
|
639-644
|
|
| 7. |
ABSTRACT: Benzo[a]pyrene intoxication has demonstrated that it generates free radicals in many tissues which are responsible for the induction of lung cancer. Benzo[a]pyrene cause p53, cas-3, cas -9 gene expression. (NSACC): nano selenium, n-acetyl cysteine and curcumin in nanocomposite have been shown to confer various biological effects, anticancer, enhance immune system and antioxidant properties and induction of apoptosis. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the chemopreventive effect of nano (selenium, acetyl cysteine, curcumin) (NSACC) and possess ability of SNACC with dose 4mg/kg.b.w against Benzo[a]pyrene carcinogenesis with dose 200mg\kg.bw at two doses the first at the 1st week of the experiment, the second after 20 week, from the start time of the experiment. The results indicated that B[a]p induced lung cancer in mice which showed by histopathology. Also, significant increase in p53, cas3, cas9 activity. While, treating with (NSACC) decreasing the activity of p53, cas3, cas9 near to normal values as shown in control group, also histopathology part showed inflammatory cells with no evidence of residual tumor tissue.
KeyWords: nanocomposite, selenium, n-acetyl cysteine, curcumin, p53, caspase3, 9.
How to cite: Omayma A.R. Abou Zaid et al. Effect of novel nanocomposite (NSACC) against Benzo[a]pyrene induced lung cancer in mice on p53, caspase 3, 9 genes and histopathological examination. Int J Pharma Sci. 4(4) 2014: 645-650
|
645-650
|
|
| 8. |
ABSTRACT: In this study the effect of frying times and heating times on chemical properties of frying oil and physical properties of produced potato chips were studied. The results of peroxide test showed a significant relationship between frying times and peroxide value during the storage time. The hardness and color of fried potato chips showed that hardness and color increased by frying times.
KeyWords: Potato chips, frying times, heating times, color, peroxide value, texture.
How to cite: Leila Sedaghat Boroujeni et al. Effect of Frying and Heating times on Physiochemical Properties of Frying Oils on Potato Chips. Int J Pharma Sci. 4(4) 2014: 651-653
|
651-653
|
|
| 9. |
ABSTRACT: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most frequently prescribed drug groups. These drugs are used dermal or systemically in treatment of various rheumatic diseases, including Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as well as for Osteoarthritis, low back pain and some joint diseases. Diclofenac sodium is a well tolerated NSAID because of its limited numbers of adverse effects and topical formulation has excellent permeation and absorption into the skin and is frequently prescribed for the long term treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis, Osteoarthritis and Ankylosing spondylitis. The present investigation was to develop novel cream formulation containing Diclofenac sodium in combination with most effective and potent natural anti-inflammatory agent curcuma longa, which is reported to possess strong anti-inflammatory effects in Rheumatoid arthritis and Osteoarthritis, according to the study by University of Arizona researchers. Diclofenac sodium in combination with Curcuma longa is a good rational, where curcuma longa produces synergistic anti-inflammatory effects with Diclofenac sodium. Formulation containing fixed concentrations (1%) of Diclofenac sodium with curcuma longa was prepared. To access the efficacy of formulation different in-vitro tests including stability studies, tube extrude ability, spread ability, pH, skin irritation test, viscosity and rheological properties, drug diffusion study and anti- inflammatory studies were carried out. The results obtained were encouraging and formulation containing Diclofenac sodium (1%) with curcuma longa was found better than alone Diclofenac sodium cream formulation.
KeyWords: Diclofenac sodium, Curcuma longa, Rheumatoid arthritis, Cream.
How to cite: Muhammad Razi Ullah Khan et al. Formulation and in vitro evaluation of Cream containing Diclofenac Sodium and Curcuma Longa for the management of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Pharma Sci. 4(4) 2014: 654-660
|
654-660
|
|
| 10. |
ABSTRACT: The leaves of Persea americana are used in folk medicine, and some of its therapeutic benefits have been scientifically validated. However, reports on its safety evaluation are very few. In this study, the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of methanolic extract of leaves of Persea americana were assessed in rats. The median lethal dose of the extract was 6630 mg/kg body weight. After the rats were treated with the extract for 28 days, there was significant increase in the serum levels of red blood cell, packed cell volume and hemoglobin. All other hematological and biochemical parameters evaluated were not significantly different from the control values. Examination of the liver and kidney revealed that there were no significant histological changes in the treated rats. The study showed that methanolic extract of Persea americana is relatively safe on acute exposure and after sub-chronic administration.
KeyWords: Persea americana, Lauraceae, acute toxicity, sub-chronic toxicity, extract.
How to cite: Kolawole O.T et al. Evaluation of acute and sub-chronic toxicity of methanolic extract of leaves of Persea americana in rats. Int J Pharma Sci. 4(4) 2014: 661-665
|
661-665
|
|
| 11. |
ABSTRACT: Parmelia perlata (Huds.) Ach. (Charila) is lichen (i.e., symbiotic combination of algae and fungi), a member of the family Parmeliaceae, which is primarily used for its medicinal properties, especially in Asian countries. Present study, was focused to evaluate and validate the pharmacological use of Parmelia perlata as antimicrobial agent against various pathogenic G +ve strains, i.e., Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pumilus, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae G -ve strains, i.e., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii and Klebsiella pneumoniae and two species of fungi (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger). In-vitro, antimicrobial test was performed by disc diffusion method in order to analyze the percentage zone of inhibition. Parmelia perlata showed the good antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus (22.15), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (21.00), Bacillus pumilus (19.95), Escherichia coli (21.75), Citrobacter freundii (18.85), Staphylococcus aureus (20.25), Streptococcus pneumoniae (19.50), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.90), as compared with standard drug ciprofloxacin (23), gentamicin (22), vancomycin (21.50), ceftriaxone (23.50), ciprofloxacin (20.55), flucloxacillin (22.75), ceftriaxone (21.95), and levofloxacin (21.50) with relative percentages of inhibition 92.83, 91.10, 86.19, 85.75, 84.15, 79.23, 78.85 and 69.13 respectively. Modified agar well diffusion method was used to measure the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and MIC values lies within the range of 75 to 150 μg /ml for the Gram +ve strains while 75 to 600 μg /ml for G -ve.
KeyWords: Parmelia perlata, Methanolic extract, Nutrient agar, Antimicrobial assay.
How to cite: Musaddique Hussain et al. In vitro Antimicrobial Potential of Lichen (Parmelia perlata) against different Pathogenic Microbes. Int J Pharma Sci. 4(4) 2014: 666-670
|
666-670
|
|
| 12. |
ABSTRACT: The use of drugs help millions of people live longer, healthier lives than other wise has been impossible. Drug utilization is determined by prescribers, dispensers and by patients who are ultimate consumers of drugs. The prescribing practices, as studies have shown for many countries, are frequently illogical, irrational, and even dangerous. The study aimed at assessing the drug use pattern of Ceftriaxone injection in the in-patient wards of FHRH. Cross-sectional retrospective study was applied and all the necessary data were collected from in-patient ward department patient record cards using the pre-developed data collection formats by trained data collectors. A total of 264 patients, 100 female and 164 male have been given ceftriaxone injection. 244 (92%) of the patients took the drug for correct indications. Pneumonia (30%), preoperative prophylaxis (15%) and meningitis (13%) are the 3 most common indications for the use of ceftriaxone. Considering indication, dose and duration together, about 61% of ceftriaxone use is appropriate. 20 (8%) of the patients received ceftriaxone for wrong indication. 34 (14%) and 44 (18%) of the patients took ceftriaxone with incorrect dose and duration, respectively. A total of 37 drugs were prescribed along with ceftriaxone injection. Normal saline (189), metronidazole (92) and azithromycin (32) are the three most commonly co-prescribed drugs. 13% of the patients were prescribed with one or more potentially interacting drug with ceftriaxone. Furosemide, ringer lactate, warfarin, gentamicin and chloramphenicol are the interacting drugs prescribed with ceftriaxone. No patients were given ceftriaxone against contraindications. From the study it was concluded that the practice regarding indications and contraindications is appropriate with regard to the set threshold. The problems in dosing, duration and co-administration of drugs need important attention.
KeyWords: Ceftriaxone injection, irrational drug use, Drug use evaluation, Antibiotic drug resistance, standard treatment guideline.
How to cite: Laychiluh Bantie. Drug use evaluation (DUE) of Ceftriaxone injection in the in-patient wards of Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital (FHRH), Bahir Dar, North Ethiopia. Int J Pharma Sci. 4(4) 2014: 671-676
|
671-676
|
|
| 13. |
ABSTRACT: This research involves synthesis of some new 1,2,3-triazoline and 1,2,3,4-tetrazole derivatives from benzotriazole as starting material. The first step includes formation of 1-(1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)-2-chloroethanone[A] through reaction of benzotriazole with chloroacetyl chloride and triethylamine in DMF. Then reaction of [A] with sodium azide in DMF to form 2-azido-1-(1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-1-yl) ethanone [B]. Chalcone derivatives [ch1-ch6] have been prepared from reaction acetophenone with benzaldehyde derivatives like [ 4-nitro benzaldehyde, 4-(dimethylamino)benzaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, 4-chlorobenzaldehyde, 4-bromobenzaldehyde and 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde], While Schiff bases [S1-S10] were prepared from condensation of [ para-toluidine , benzidine, naphthylamine ] with [4-nitro benzaldehyde, 4-(di methyl amino)benzaldehyde, 4-hydroxy-3methoxy benzaldehyde ,4-chloro benzaldehyde, 4-bromobenzaldehyde and 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde] in absolute ethanol. Compound [B] was entered in 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions with some of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds like [chalcones (ch1-ch6) , Acryl amide, Methyl acrylate , Cinnamic acid,1,4-Benzoquinone and Maleic anhydride] and Schiff bases to give 1,2,3-triazoline[Bch1-Bch6, C, D, E, F, G] and 1,2,3,4-tetrazole derivatives [BS1-BS10]. All these compounds are characterized by [FT.IR] spectroscopy, and sequence of reactions step by [TLC] technique, by using solvent (benzene-methanol, 4:1). Some of them are characterized by [1HNMR] spectroscopy and elemental analysis [C.H.N.S].
KeyWords: Chalcones, Schiff bases, 1,2,3-triazoline, 1,2,3,4-tetrazole, Biological activity.
How to cite: Hayder M. Kamal and Ezzat H. Zimam. Synthesis and characterization of some new Benzotriazole derivatives via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions. Int J Pharma Sci. 4(4) 2014: 677-688
|
677-688
|
|
| 14. |
ABSTRACT: Lycopus europaeus is an ayurvedic medicine which is used as anti-inflammatory agent. Therefore, our investigation was aimed to screen antiinflammatory activity of Lycopus europaeus by membrane stabilizing and protein inhibitory methods. The prevention of hypotonicity induced human red blood cells (HRBC) membrane lysis and protein inhibition was taken as a measure of the anti-inflammatory activity. The potency of the Lycopus europaeus was compared with standard diclofenac sodium. Lycopus europaeus showed significant membrane stabilizing activity of 73.81% and protein inhibition activity of 93.01% at concentration of 200 μg/mL.
KeyWords: Lycopus europaeus, membrane stabilizing activity, protein inhibitory activity, diclofenac sodium.
How to cite: Abdul Aziz et al. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Lycopus europaeus Linn. Int J Pharma Sci. 4(4) 2014: 689-691
|
689-691
|
|
| 15. |
ABSTRACT: Medicinal plants have been used as traditional treatment for numerous human diseases from time immemorial in many parts of the world and herbs are considered as the heart of Indian traditional system of medicine. In today’s world of modern medicine where increased resistance of bacteria or virus to antibiotics, adverse effects associated with use of antibiotics and their expensiveness are of a great concern, there is a urge for development of prevention and treatment options that are natural, safe, effective and economical. The search for alternative products continues and natural phytochemicals isolated from plants used as traditional medicines are considered as good alternatives. Plants and their extracts have been used as herbal remedies from many years ago for various health related problems. With the advent of new and innovative transformation technologies like Recombinant DNA technology, metabolomics, proteomics etc opened up new avenues to extend the use of plants for biopharmaceuticals. One such plant is Piper longum (commonly called as Pippali (fruit) or Piplamul (root) in hindi) which is highly valued for its medicinal benefits. Pharmacological profile shows that the plant exhibits anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, anti-bacterial, aphrodiasiac, relieves respiratory disorders and can be also used as digestive agent. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to present some recent examples from the literature of studies that have served to validate the traditional use of Piper longum with specific biological activity.
KeyWords: Piper longum, piperine, hepatoprotective, anti-cancerous, anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic, neuroprotective.
How to cite: Preeti Srivastava. Therapeutic potential of Piper longum L. for disease management - a review. Int J Pharma Sci. 4(4) 2014: 692-696
|
692-696
|
|
